Dr. 假面: 现在, there is a big concern in the medical community about antibiotic overuse. I'll discuss this as well as potential consequences on today's Scope. 我是博士. 辛迪的假面.
播音员: 让你的孩子健康快乐. 你现在进入健康儿童区与医生. 辛迪·盖尔纳为您报道.
Dr. 假面: 然而抗生素绝对有它的一席之地, 它们大发娱乐改变了现代医学, 挽救生命，防止疾病传播, health officials have been warning that the overuse of antibiotics is helping to breed resistant bacteria. 现在, much of the attention on antibiotic overuse is targeted on doctors who inappropriately prescribe antibiotics for viral illnesses. 抗生素的过度使用和误用正在制造超级细菌. Those are bacteria that used to be able to be killed by certain antibiotics, 但现在这种药物对他们已经不起作用了. 它们对那种抗生素有抗药性.
The biggest contributor to antibiotic resistance is when doctors prescribe them for viruses. For example, say your child has a sore throat, but the strep test is negative. 如果医生说, “我很确定这仍然是链球菌,然后开始服用阿莫西林, but then the throat culture comes back negative for strep as well, 确认你孩子的症状是由病毒引起的, 没有细菌, your child just took an antibiotic for an inappropriate reason. The antibiotic your child is taking is still killing bacteria in their body, 即使是有益细菌, 这可能会导致其他问题, 像C. 艰难梭菌腹泻，没人想要.
儿童和成人, 大多数咳嗽, 喉咙痛, 窦问题, 和腹泻, 它们主要由病毒引起. There have even been guidelines set out for when ear infections really need to be treated, because fluid in the ear may not truly need to be treated by an antibiotic and will resolve on its own. 现在, 再一次。, 真正的耳部感染, 真细菌性鼻窦感染, 链球菌性喉炎, 大叶性肺炎, these are absolutely appropriate times when a child would need an antibiotic.
Studies done by the University of Utah show that 50% of antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory conditions may have been unnecessary. 就在2016年, a surprising 30% of outpatient oral antibiotic prescriptions may have been inappropriate. 例如，每5个中有1个.4次紧急探视，也就是18次.5%的人开了抗生素处方. 这些, 75% of the antibiotics prescribed during those were for acute respiratory infections, 其中5%用于鼻窦炎, 26%用于喉咙痛, 耳部感染占37%, 单纯感冒则为6%, 再一次病毒. 有些是合适的，有些则不是.
When antibiotics first came out, they were viewed as wonder drugs. It was great that they worked quickly with relatively few side effects. 现在, 然而, doctors may still prescribe antibiotics before test results come in to identify an actual cause of infection, which means they may have to even change to a different antibiotic after they know what's really going on. I've had many parents ask me for antibiotics when their children are sick because they want their child to get better faster, regardless of whether the illness is caused by a virus or not.
One of the biggest overuse causes is that patients feel better after taking five days of an antibiotic, 所以他们停止服用抗生素, 把它放在架子上, 然后当他们再次生病的时候, they will take those antibiotics that were left over from the previous prescription even when the new illness they have may not be bacterial. 这有什么大不了的?
好吧, 多年来, scientists were able to develop new antibiotics faster than the bacteria were able to become resistant, 现在它翻转过来了. In 2013, a CDC report noted that at least two million people every year develop a serious bacterial infections, and the bacteria is resistant to antibiotics initially diagnosed to treat those infections. At least 23,000 people die annually from antibiotic resistant infections. 这是件大事, especially for kids whose immune systems are still developing and need appropriate and effective antibiotics.
So next time your child's doctor doesn't give you an antibiotic when you think your child needs one, 这也许是有原因的. I know I'm more than happy to discuss my reasons when I think an antibiotic is needed and not needed with all of my parents. 作为父母, you should feel comfortable asking your child's pediatrician their thought process as well. 保持消息灵通, whether discussing antibiotics or anything else with your child's pediatrician, 你能大发娱乐孩子保持健康的最好方法之一是什么.
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